We require users to get verified when they register for an account on our site. I just got a bounceback I've never seen before. "Your message contains invalid characters bare line feed characters which the email servers at don't support. It appears that your email program added invalid characters bare line feed characters into your message when you sent it. Try using a different email program to send your message. If the problem continues send this non-delivery report NDR message to your email admin for assistance." This is via Office 365, which we use and through which our web server relays emails. O365 adds this helpful info to bounceback messages. The confirmation email we use I think is pretty stock, from /admin/config/people/accounts [username], Thank you for registering at [sitename]. Your application for an account is currently pending approval. Once it has been approved, you will receive another e-mail containing information about how to log in, set your password, and other details. [userfield-membertype] [userfield_membertype] - [sitename] team Apparently wants line endings to be "CRLF" instead of just "LF". I'm not sure where or how the line feeds are created, but I assume they come from this email content and the lines are being broken with just the "LF". Has anyone seen this before? I assume it's in the core code somewhere, the User module perhaps? Addition Just got the same bounceback from I've never had this issue before, but now twice in one morning. The only change to the system lately has been to start using Microsoft's cloud email as SMTP relay, but that change was made a couple weeks ago. Of course, we just might not have had any mail go to a server that is sensitive to this.
January 112 bags of mail were taken by Bermuda-based censors sent out from England from a Pan American Airways flying boat. They included securities and large money transfers and even packages of diamonds. 1940. January 27. With guns installed, HMS Queen of Bermuda set sail for the River Plate of Graf Spee fame and the South Atlantic Command. Thereafter she spent 1940ABOUT SMTP DIAGNOSTICS This test will connect to a mail server via SMTP, perform a simple Open Relay Test and verify the server has a reverse DNS PTR record. It will also measure the response times for the mail server. If you don't know your mail server's address, start with a MX Lookup.ABOUTSMTP DIAGNOSTICS. This test will connect to a mail server via SMTP, perform a simple Open Relay Test and verify the server has a reverse DNS (PTR) record. It will also measure the response times for the mail server. If you don't know your Introduction Attack Chain Ryuk has been know to be a part of a bigger "Triple Threat" attack that involves Emotet and TrickBot. The first stage of this attack is the delivery of Emotet through phishing emails that contain a weaponized word document, this document contains a macro code that downloads Emotet. Once Emotet executes, it downloads another malware usually TrickBot which can collect system information, steal credentials, disable AV, do lateral movement, ⊠The third stage of the attack is to connect to the C&C server to download Ryuk which makes use of the lateral movement done by TrickBot to infect and encrypt as many systems on the network as possible. Ryuk overview I will give a brief overview of how Ryuk operates then I will go into details in the upcoming sections. Ryuk operates in two stages. The first stage is a dropper that drops the real Ryuk ransomware at another directory and exits. Then the ransomware tries to injects running processes to avoid detection. We can also see that it launches a process to modify the registry. After that, Ryuk goes through encrypting the system files and network shares, it drops a "Ransom Note" at every folder it encrypts under the name Enough introduction, letâs dive into Ryuk. First Stage The Dropper SHA256 23f8aa94ffb3c08a62735fe7fee5799880a8f322ce1d55ec49a13a3f85312db2 The dropper first checks the windows MajorVersion and if itâs equal to 5 windows 2000 windows XP Windows Server 2003, it drops the ransomware executable at C\Documents and Settings\Default User\ , otherwise it drops it at C\users\Public\. The name of the dropped executable is five randomly generated characters. If the creation of this file failed, Ryuk drops the executable at the same directory of the dropper with replacing the last character of its name with the letter Vâ If the dropper name is the dropped executable will be Next we can see a call to IsWow64Process and if it returns true which means Ryuk is running at a 64 bit system, it writes the 64 bit binary to the dropped executable, else it writes the 32 bit binary. The 2 binary files are stored at the .data section. The last step is a call to ShellExecuteW to execute the second stage executable with passing it one argument which is the dropper path This is used later to delete the dropper. Second Stage SHA256 8b0a5fb13309623c3518473551cb1f55d38d8450129d4a3c16b476f7b2867d7d Deleting The Dropper Before the dropper exits, it passes its path to the second stage executable as a command line argument which in turn deletes the dropper. Persistence Ryuk uses the very well know registry key to achieve persistence, It creates a new value under the name "HKEY_CURRENT_USER\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run\svchos" and its data is set to the executable path which in my case is "C\users\Public\ Here is the full command C\Windows\System32\ /C REG ADD "HKEY_CURRENT_USER\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run" /v "svchos" /t REG_SZ /d "C\users\Public\ /f Privilege Escalation Ryuk uses AdjustTokenPrivileges function to adjust its process security access token. The requested privilege name is SeDebugPrivilege and according to Microsoft docs SeDebugPrivilege Required to debug and adjust the memory of a process owned by another account. With this privilege, the user can attach a debugger to any process or to the kernel. This method is usually used by malware to perform process injection which is done next. Process Injection Ryuk goes through all running processes and stores ProcessName, ProcessID, ProcessType in a big array, ProcessType is an integer that is set to 1 If the domain name of the user of the process starts with âNT Aâ which is âNT AUTHORITYâ, otherwise the ProcessType is set to 2. To make it easier, I created a structure in IDA called ProcessInfo. After that, Ryuk loops through the processesâ stored data to perform the process injection. If the process name is Ryuk ignores that process. The process injection technique used here is very simple, Ryuk allocates memory for its process at the target process memory space using VirtualAllocEx, then it writes its process to that allocated memory using WriteProcessMemory. Finally it creates a new thread using CreateRemoteThread to run Ryukâs thread at the injected process. Building Imports Ryuk imports its necessary functions dynamically using LoadLibraryA and GetProcAdress. The names of the imported functions are obfuscated so static analysis wonât do very well here. We can use a debugger to get these names rather than reversing the obfuscation algorithm. Here is the list of imported functions Expand to see more CryptAcquireContextW CryptDecrypt CryptDeriveKey CryptDestroyKey CryptEncrypt CryptExportKey CryptGenKey CryptImportKey GetUserNameA GetUserNameW RegCloseKey RegDeleteValueW RegOpenKeyExA RegOpenKeyExW RegQueryValueExA RegSetValueExW CloseHandle CopyFileA CopyFileW CreateDirectoryW CreateFileA CreateFileW CreateProcessA CreateProcessW DeleteFileW ExitProcess FindClose FindFirstFileW FindNextFileW FreeLibrary GetCommandLineW GetCurrentProcess GetDriveTypeW GetFileAttributesA GetFileAttributesW GetFileSize GetLogicalDrives GetModuleFileNameA GetModuleFileNameW GetModuleHandleA GetStartupInfoW GetTickCount GetVersionExW GetWindowsDirectoryW GlobalAlloc LoadLibraryA ReadFile SetFileAttributesA SetFileAttributesW SetFilePointer Sleep VirtualAlloc VirtualFree WinExec Wow64DisableWow64FsRedirection Wow64RevertWow64FsRedirection WriteFile CoCreateInstance CoInitialize ShellExecuteA ShellExecuteW WNetCloseEnum WNetEnumResourceW WNetOpenEnumW GetIpNetTable Killing Processes Ryuk has a long list of predefined services and processes to kill using net stop and taskkill /IM respectively. Here is the list of services Expand to see more Acronis VSS Provider Enterprise Client Service Sophos Agent Sophos AutoUpdate Service Sophos Clean Service Sophos Device Control Service Sophos File Scanner Service Sophos Health Service Sophos MCS Agent Sophos MCS Client Sophos Message Router Sophos Safestore Service Sophos System Protection Service Sophos Web Control Service SQLsafe Backup Service SQLsafe Filter Service Symantec System Recovery Veeam Backup Catalog Data Service AcronisAgent AcrSch2Svc Antivirus ARSM BackupExecAgentAccelerator BackupExecAgentBrowser BackupExecDeviceMediaService BackupExecJobEngine BackupExecManagementService BackupExecRPCService BackupExecVSSProvider bedbg DCAgent EPSecurityService EPUpdateService EraserSvc11710 EsgShKernel FA_Scheduler IISAdmin IMAP4Svc macmnsvc masvc MBAMService MBEndpointAgent McAfeeEngineService McAfeeFramework McAfeeFrameworkMcAfeeFramework McShield McTaskManager mfemms mfevtp MMS mozyprobackup MsDtsServer MsDtsServer100 MsDtsServer110 MSExchangeES MSExchangeIS MSExchangeMGMT MSExchangeMTA MSExchangeSA MSExchangeSRS MSOLAP$SQL_2008 MSOLAP$SYSTEM_BGC MSOLAP$TPS MSOLAP$TPSAMA MSSQL$BKUPEXEC MSSQL$ECWDB2 MSSQL$PRACTICEMGT MSSQL$PRACTTICEBGC MSSQL$PROFXENGAGEMENT MSSQL$SBSMONITORING MSSQL$SHAREPOINT MSSQL$SQL_2008 MSSQL$SYSTEM_BGC MSSQL$TPS MSSQL$TPSAMA MSSQL$VEEAMSQL2008R2 MSSQL$VEEAMSQL2012 MSSQLFDLauncher MSSQLFDLauncher$PROFXENGAGEMENT MSSQLFDLauncher$SBSMONITORING MSSQLFDLauncher$SHAREPOINT MSSQLFDLauncher$SQL_2008 MSSQLFDLauncher$SYSTEM_BGC MSSQLFDLauncher$TPS MSSQLFDLauncher$TPSAMA MSSQLSERVER MSSQLServerADHelper100 MSSQLServerOLAPService MySQL80 MySQL57 ntrtscan OracleClientCache80 PDVFSService POP3Svc ReportServer ReportServer$SQL_2008 ReportServer$SYSTEM_BGC ReportServer$TPS ReportServer$TPSAMA RESvc sacsvr SamSs SAVAdminService SAVService SDRSVC SepMasterService ShMonitor Smcinst SmcService SMTPSvc SNAC SntpService sophossps SQLAgent$BKUPEXEC SQLAgent$ECWDB2 SQLAgent$PRACTTICEBGC SQLAgent$PRACTTICEMGT SQLAgent$PROFXENGAGEMENT SQLAgent$SBSMONITORING SQLAgent$SHAREPOINT SQLAgent$SQL_2008 SQLAgent$SYSTEM_BGC SQLAgent$TPS SQLAgent$TPSAMA SQLAgent$VEEAMSQL2008R2 SQLAgent$VEEAMSQL2012 SQLBrowser SQLSafeOLRService SQLSERVERAGENT SQLTELEMETRY SQLTELEMETRY$ECWDB2 SQLWriter SstpSvc svcGenericHost swi_filter swi_service swi_update_64 TmCCSF tmlisten TrueKey TrueKeyScheduler TrueKeyServiceHelper UI0Detect VeeamBackupSvc VeeamBrokerSvc VeeamCatalogSvc VeeamCloudSvc VeeamDeploymentService VeeamDeploySvc VeeamEnterpriseManagerSvc VeeamMountSvc VeeamNFSSvc VeeamRESTSvc VeeamTransportSvc W3Svc wbengine WRSVC MSSQL$VEEAMSQL2008R2 SQLAgent$VEEAMSQL2008R2 VeeamHvIntegrationSvc swi_update SQLAgent$CXDB SQLAgent$CITRIX_METAFRAME SQL Backups MSSQL$PROD Zoolz 2 Service MSSQLServerADHelper SQLAgent$PROD msftesql$PROD NetMsmqActivator EhttpSrv ekrn ESHASRV MSSQL$SOPHOS SQLAgent$SOPHOS AVP klnagent MSSQL$SQLEXPRESS SQLAgent$SQLEXPRESS wbengine kavfsslp KAVFSGT KAVFS mfefire And here is the list of processes Expand to see more Deleting Backups Ryuk drops a batch script at C\Users\Public\ which deletes all shadow copies and possible backups, then the script deletes itself. vssadmin Delete Shadows /all /quiet vssadmin resize shadowstorage /for=c /on=c /maxsize=401MB vssadmin resize shadowstorage /for=c /on=c /maxsize=unbounded vssadmin resize shadowstorage /for=d /on=d /maxsize=401MB vssadmin resize shadowstorage /for=d /on=d /maxsize=unbounded vssadmin resize shadowstorage /for=e /on=e /maxsize=401MB vssadmin resize shadowstorage /for=e /on=e /maxsize=unbounded vssadmin resize shadowstorage /for=f /on=f /maxsize=401MB vssadmin resize shadowstorage /for=f /on=f /maxsize=unbounded vssadmin resize shadowstorage /for=g /on=g /maxsize=401MB vssadmin resize shadowstorage /for=g /on=g /maxsize=unbounded vssadmin resize shadowstorage /for=h /on=h /maxsize=401MB vssadmin resize shadowstorage /for=h /on=h /maxsize=unbounded vssadmin Delete Shadows /all /quiet del /s /f /q c\*.VHD c\*.bac c\*.bak c\*.wbcat c\*.bkf c\Backup*.* c\backup*.* c\*.set c\*.win c\*.dsk del /s /f /q d\*.VHD d\*.bac d\*.bak d\*.wbcat d\*.bkf d\Backup*.* d\backup*.* d\*.set d\*.win d\*.dsk del /s /f /q e\*.VHD e\*.bac e\*.bak e\*.wbcat e\*.bkf e\Backup*.* e\backup*.* e\*.set e\*.win e\*.dsk del /s /f /q f\*.VHD f\*.bac f\*.bak f\*.wbcat f\*.bkf f\Backup*.* f\backup*.* f\*.set f\*.win f\*.dsk del /s /f /q g\*.VHD g\*.bac g\*.bak g\*.wbcat g\*.bkf g\Backup*.* g\backup*.* g\*.set g\*.win g\*.dsk del /s /f /q h\*.VHD h\*.bac h\*.bak h\*.wbcat h\*.bkf h\Backup*.* h\backup*.* h\*.set h\*.win h\*.dsk del %0 The Encryption Process Ryuk uses a multi threading approach for the encryption process, it creates a new thread for each file it encrypts which makes it very fast. It starts enumerating files using FindFirstFileW and FindNextFileW then it passes each file name to a new encryption thread. Note that Ryuk avoids encrypting these file extensions .dll .lnk .hrmlog .ini .exe Each encryption thread starts by generating a random 256 AES encryption key using CryptGenKey, Ryuk utilizes the WindowsCrypto API for the encryption. Then it goes into the typical encryption loop, the files are encrypted in chunks with a chunk size of 1000000 bytes. Finally Ryuk write a metadata block of size 274 bytes at the end of the file. The first 6 bytes are the keyword HERMES. After that, The AES key is encrypted with an RSA public key before itâs written to the end of the file and then exported using CryptExportKey, This function generates 12 bytes of Blob information + 256 bytes the encrypted key. The RSA public key is embedded in the executable, itâs imported using CryptImportKey and passed to every encryption thread. We can see at the end of the encryption routine a check if the keyword HERMES is present at the end of the file which indicates the file is encrypted. This check is actually done before encrypting the file to avoid encrypting it twice. Here is an example of the complete metadata block Ryuk enumerates network shares using WNetOpenEnumW and WNetEnumResourceA respectively. For each network resource found, the resourceâs name will be appended to a list separated by a semicolon. This list will be used later to encrypt these network shares with the same encryption process above. IOCs Hashes Ryuk 8b0a5fb13309623c3518473551cb1f55d38d8450129d4a3c16b476f7b2867d7 Dropper 23f8aa94ffb3c08a62735fe7fee5799880a8f322ce1d55ec49a13a3f85312db2 Files C\Users\Public\ Registry HKEY_CURRENT_USER\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run Emails WayneEvensonprotonmail[.]com WayneEvensontutanota[.]com Yara Rule rule Ryuk { meta author = "N1ght-W0lf" description = "Detect Ryuk Samples" date = "2020-05-08" strings $s1 = " ascii wide $s2 = "No system is safe" ascii wide $s3 = "svchos" ascii wide fullword $s4 = "vssadmin Delete Shadows /all /quiet" ascii wide $s5 = "UNIQUE_ID_DO_NOT_REMOVE" ascii wide $s7 = "\\users\\Public\\ ascii wide $s6 = "HERMES" ascii wide condition 5 of them } External References KoenraadElst (born 7 August 1959) is a Flemish author and right wing Hindutva proponent, known primarily for his support of the Out of India theory. He has also engaged himself with the Flemish movement, for direct democracy and Flemish secession.Elst is the author of over twenty books on Indian history, Hinduism, and Indian politics.In particular, his interests include
Anemia has been shown to be present in â15% of patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction MI and in 43% of elderly patients with acute Anemia has the potential to worsen the myocardial ischemic insult in acute MI and other acute coronary syndromes ACS, both by decreasing the oxygen content of the blood supplied to the jeopardized myocardium3 and by increasing myocardial oxygen demand through necessitating a higher cardiac output to maintain adequate systemic oxygen animal models, higher hemoglobin concentrations prevent ischemia in the setting of significant coronary artery In human studies, anemia has been shown to be an independent risk factor for adverse cardiovascular outcomes in community cohorts,7 in patients with heart failure,8,9 and in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary To this point, few studies have specifically examined anemia in patients with We therefore examined the association between baseline hemoglobin concentration and a range of cardiovascular clinical outcomes in a broad cohort of nearly 40 000 patients across the spectrum of PopulationsThe study cohort eligible for these analyses consisted of 41 637 patients with ACS from the following 16 Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction TIMI trials IIIB,15 4,16 9A,17 9B,18 10A,19 10B,20 11A,21 11B,22 12,23 14,24 16 OPUS,25 17 InTIME II,26 18 TACTICS,27 20 INTEGRITI,28 23 ENTIRE,29 and 24 FASTER,30 the details for which have been published. Patients with active cancer, significant liver or renal disease typically a creatinine > mg/dL, active or recent internal bleeding, known bleeding diathesis, and other significant comorbidities were excluded from these Data and Clinical OutcomesBaseline characteristics were recorded by the local investigators. Baseline hemoglobin values were available in 96% of patients 39 922. For patients with ST-elevation MI STEMI, the clinical end points were cardiovascular mortality and congestive heart failure through 30 days. For patients with nonâST-elevation ACS NSTE ACS, the clinical end points were cardiovascular mortality, MI, and recurrent myocardial ischemia through 30 days. Major bleeding was defined as intracranial bleeding or any clinically overt sign of hemorrhage that was associated with a fall in hemoglobin of >5 g/ AnalysesPatients were initially divided into categories based on 1-g/dL hemoglobin increments. Univariate associations between hemoglobin categories and other baseline demographic and clinical variables were evaluated with ANOVA and Ï2 tests. Unadjusted event rates for the aforementioned cardiovascular end points were compared across hemoglobin categories with the Ï2 test for trend across ordered groups. To evaluate the independent relationship between hemoglobin and cardiovascular end points at 30 days, multivariable logistic regression was used. Hemoglobin was coded as a multicategory predictor in 1-g/dL increments, and the hemoglobin category that had the lowest event rate was used as the reference group. A comprehensive search for potential confounders was conducted. Specifically, candidate variables for which we had data in >80% of subjects and that either demonstrated association with baseline hemoglobin levels at a significance threshold of P17 n=968PCI indicates percutaneous coronary intervention; CHF, congestive heart failure; CVD, cerebrovascular disease; PAD, peripheral arterial disease; and ARB, angiotensin receptor characteristics Age, n=216Abbreviations as in Table characteristics Age, bpm; B, and Killip class 2 to 4 C in patients with STEMI stratified by baseline hemoglobin values. SBP indicates systolic blood pressure; HR, heart figureDownload PowerPointFigure 2. Prevalence of ST deviation in patients with NSTE ACS stratified by baseline hemoglobin Event RatesThe unadjusted rates of cardiovascular clinical events through 30 days in patients with STEMI and NSTE ACS categorized by baseline hemoglobin are shown in Tables 3 and 4, respectively. In general, adverse clinical event rates were higher in those with lower hemoglobin values and tended to decrease with increasing hemoglobin levels. For patients with STEMI, there were highly statistically significant trends for cardiovascular death P16 to 17 g/dL. The rates of TIMI major bleeding were low â5% and were not associated with hemoglobin levels in either STEMI P= or NSTE ACS P= patients. TABLE 3. Clinical Outcomes Through 30 Days in STEMI Patients Stratified by Baseline HemoglobinEnd PointHemoglobin on Admission, g/dLP17 n=968Cardiovascular death, % 1086 events n=216Cardiovascular death, % 248 events g/dL also had an increased risk of dying adjusted OR 95% CI to P= A similar relationship was seen between baseline hemoglobin and the risk of heart failure. Those with a hemoglobin 17 g/dL adjusted OR 95% CI to P16 g/dL were also at an increased risk for the composite end point adjusted OR 95% CI to P= Download figureDownload PowerPointFigure 4. Unadjusted and adjusted ORs and 95% CIs for association between baseline hemoglobin concentration and cardiovascular death, MI, or recurrent ischemia through 30 days in patients with NSTE ACS. Adjusted for age; gender; race; hypertension; diabetes; smoking history; renal disease; prior MI; prior heart failure; prior percutaneous coronary intervention; prior CABG; cerebrovascular disease; peripheral arterial disease; prior aspirin, ÎČ-blocker, ACE inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker, and hypolipidemic use; index hospitalization aspirin, ÎČ-blocker, ACE inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker, and hypolipidemic use; and index revascularization. CVD indicates cardiovascular death; RI, recurrent ischemia; Hgb, hemoglobin; and n, number of total of of patients with STEMI and percent of patients with NSTE ACS received transfusions with whole blood or packed red blood cells. Approximately 80% of these transfusions were in the setting of bleeding. In STEMI patients, when transfusion, interaction terms between transfusion and hemoglobin, and bleeding were added to the aforementioned multivariable model, transfusion was associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular death when the baseline hemoglobin was 16 to 17 g/dL also were at greater risk for adverse cardiovascular events, a finding supported by observations from other The pathophysiological basis for these observations may be that high hemoglobin concentrations can increase blood viscosity. This, in turn, can increase coronary vascular resistance and decrease coronary blood flow,35 predispose to thrombosis,36 and increase myocardial limitations of this study should be considered. The present study population was derived from clinical trials rather than unselected community cohorts; however, the inclusion and exclusion criteria differed between these 16 trials, thus potentially strengthening the generalizability of our findings. Moreover, the use of clinical trials allowed us to gather data prospectively on important baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes from dedicated case report forms rather than, for example, unconfirmed ICD-9 coding on discharge summaries. Furthermore, we used actual hemoglobin values, thereby minimizing misclassification and permitting a quantitative approach to the definition of anemia. The cause of anemia in patients in the present study was unknown, although patients with recent bleeding, known bleeding diathesis, or significant renal or hematologic-oncological diseases all important potential confounders were excluded from these trials. We did not measure erythropoietin levels in these patients. In addition to stimulating erythrocyte precursors, erythropoietin has multiple cardiovascular effects that range from myocardial protection and angiogenesis to activation of platelets and upregulation of plasminogen activator Thus, some of our observations may be due to low or high erythropoietin levels rather than anemia per se. Lastly, comorbidities associated with hemoglobin and prognosis or differences in treatment influenced by the baseline hemoglobin had the potential to confound our analyses; however, we conducted a comprehensive search for potential confounders and included a broad group of prognostic and treatment-related variables in our multivariable analyses. Although incompletely or unmeasured comorbidities could cause residual confounding, given the breadth of covariates adjusted for in the present analyses, the impact is likely to be the association between hemoglobin levels and adverse cardiovascular events is, in fact, causal, the present findings would support the current practice guidelines from the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association that suggest screening for and correcting anemia in The guidelines, however, do not specify what hemoglobin level to target. Studies of transfusion thresholds have provided some data relevant to patients with coronary disease. In a randomized clinical trial in critical illness, there was no apparent benefit to a more liberal transfusion strategy hemoglobin target 10 to 12 g/dL versus a more restrictive strategy target 7 to 9 g/dL41; however, in an analysis specifically restricted to those with ischemic heart disease, there was a trend toward higher mortality in those who were randomized to a restrictive Two recent nonrandomized studies have yielded conflicting results. In a study of patients with ACS, transfusion was associated with an increased risk of 30-day mortality, although this effect was no longer apparent if the nadir hematocrit was below 25%.43 In contrast, in elderly patients with acute MI, transfusion appeared to be beneficial if the hematocrit was <33%.2 The present data show a reduction in cardiovascular mortality with transfusion in STEMI patients with a hemoglobin <12 g/dL approximately equivalent to a hematocrit <36% but an increased risk of cardiovascular death, MI, or recurrent ischemia in patients with NSTE ACS who were transfused; however, we would underscore that all nonrandomized comparisons must be viewed with caution because, despite multivariable analyses, there can be residual confounding by indication, with physicians more likely to transfuse sicker patients. Only randomized trials can definitely resolve the benefit of transfusions in conclusion, we have found that in 39 922 patients with ACS enrolled in clinical trials, anemia was a powerful predictor of cardiovascular mortality and ischemic events. The graded relationship between hemoglobin levels and clinical outcomes persisted after adjustment for a wide array of baseline prognostic factors and in-hospital treatments. Given these data, a prospective, randomized clinical trial may be warranted to determine whether precise targeting of hemoglobin levels improves outcomes in patients with Sabatine is supported in part by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute grants R01 HL072879 and R01 HL072872. Statistical analyses supported by Amgen, to Marc S. Sabatine, MD, MPH, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Womenâs Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115. E-mail [email protected] References 1 Chesebro JH, Knatterud G, Roberts R, Borer J, Cohen LS, Dalen J, Dodge HT, Francis CK, Hillis D, Ludbrook P. Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction TIMI Trial, phase I a comparison between intravenous tissue plasminogen activator and intravenous streptokinase clinical findings through hospital discharge. Circulation. 1987; 76 142â Scholar2 Wu WC, Rathore SS, Wang Y, Radford MJ, Krumholz HM. Blood transfusion in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2001; 345 1230â Scholar3 Most AS, Ruocco NA Jr, Gewirtz H. Effect of a reduction in blood viscosity on maximal myocardial oxygen delivery distal to a moderate coronary stenosis. Circulation. 1986; 74 1085â Scholar4 Levy PS, Quigley RL, Gould SA. Acute dilutional anemia and critical left anterior descending coronary artery stenosis impairs end organ oxygen delivery. J Trauma. 1996; 41 416â Scholar5 Yoshikawa H, Powell WJ Jr, Bland JH, Lowenstein E. Effect of acute anemia on experimental myocardial ischemia. Am J Cardiol. 1973; 32 670â Scholar6 Levy PS, Kim SJ, Eckel PK, Chavez R, Ismail EF, Gould SA, Ramez Salem M, Crystal GJ. Limit to cardiac compensation during acute isovolemic hemodilution influence of coronary stenosis. Am J Physiol. 1993; 265 H340â Scholar7 Sarnak MJ, Tighiouart H, Manjunath G, MacLeod B, Griffith J, Salem D, Levey AS. Anemia as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities ARIC study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002; 40 27â Scholar8 Al-Ahmad A, Rand WM, Manjunath G, Konstam MA, Salem DN, Levey AS, Sarnak MJ. Reduced kidney function and anemia as risk factors for mortality in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001; 38 955â Scholar9 Ezekowitz JA, McAlister FA, Armstrong PW. Anemia is common in heart failure and is associated with poor outcomes insights from a cohort of 12 065 patients with new-onset heart failure. Circulation. 2003; 107 223â Scholar10 McKechnie RS, Smith D, Montoye C, Kline-Rogers E, OâDonnell MJ, DeFranco AC, Meengs WL, McNamara R, McGinnity JG, Patel K, Share D, Riba A, Khanal S, Moscucci M. Prognostic implication of anemia on in-hospital outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention. Circulation. 2004; 110 271â Scholar11 Al Falluji N, Lawrence-Nelson J, Kostis JB, Lacy CR, Ranjan R, Wilson AC. Effect of anemia on 1-year mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Am Heart J. 2002; 144 636â Scholar12 Goncalves AG, Ferreira J, Aguiar C, Trabulo M, Silva JA, Seabra-Gomes R. Prognostic value of baseline hemoglobin in acute coronary syndromes. Circulation. 2002; 106 suppl II Scholar13 Lee PC, Kini AS, Ahsan C, Fisher E, Sharma SK. Anemia is an independent predictor of mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004; 44 541â Scholar14 Nikolsky E, Aymong ED, Halkin A, Grines CL, Cox DA, Garcia E, Mehran R, Tcheng JE, Griffin JJ, Guagliumi G, Stuckey T, Turco M, Cohen DA, Negoita M, Lansky AJ, Stone GW. Impact of anemia in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention analysis from the Controlled Abciximab and Device Investigation to Lower Late Angioplasty Complications CADILLAC Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004; 44 547â Scholar15 The TIMI IIIB Investigators. Effects of tissue plasminogen activator and a comparison of early invasive and conservative strategies in unstable angina and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction results of the TIMI IIIB Trial. Circulation. 1994; 89 1545â Scholar16 Cannon CP, McCabe CH, Diver DJ, Herson S, Greene RM, Shah PK, Sequeira RF, Leya F, Kirshenbaum JM, Magorien RD, Palmeri ST, Davis V, Gibson CM, Poole WK, Braunwald E, the TIMI 4 Investigators. Comparison of front-loaded recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator, anistreplase and combination thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction results of the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction TIMI 4 Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1994; 24 1602â Scholar17 Antman EM, for the TIMI 9A Investigators. Hirudin in acute myocardial infarction safety report from the Thrombolysis and Thrombin Inhibition in Myocardial Infarction TIMI 9A trial. Circulation. 1994; 90 1624â Scholar18 Antman EM, for the TIMI 9B Investigators. Hirudin in acute myocardial infarction thrombolysis and thrombin inhibitors in myocardial infarction TIMI 9B trial. Circulation. 1996; 94 911â Scholar19 Cannon CP, McCabe CH, Gibson CM, Ghali M, Sequeira RF, McKendall GR, Breed J, Modi NB, Fox NL, Tracy RP, Love TW, Braunwald E. TNK-tissue plasminogen activator in acute myocardial infarction results of the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction TIMI 10A dose-ranging trial. Circulation. 1997; 95 351â Scholar20 Cannon CP, Gibson CM, McCabe CH, Adgey AA, Schweiger MJ, Sequeira RF, Grollier G, Giugliano RP, Frey M, Mueller HS, Steingart RM, Weaver WD, Van de Werf F, Braunwald E, for the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction TIMI 10B Investigators. TNK-tissue plasminogen activator compared with front-loaded alteplase in acute myocardial infarction results of the TIMI 10B trial. Circulation. 1998; 98 2805â Scholar21 The Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction TIMI 11A Trial Investigators. Dose-ranging trial of enoxaparin for unstable angina results of TIMI 11A. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997; 29 1474â Scholar22 Antman EM, McCabe CH, Gurfinkel EP, Turpie AGG, Bernink PJLM, Salein D, Bayes de Luna A, Fox K, Lablanche J-M, Radley D, Premmereur J, Braunwald E, for the TIMI 11B Investigators. Enoxaparin prevents death and cardiac ischemic events in unstable angina/non-Q-wave myocardial infarction results of the Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction TIMI 11B trial. Circulation. 1999; 100 1593â Scholar23 Cannon CP, McCabe CH, Borzak S, Henry TD, Tischler MD, Mueller HS, Feldman R, Palmeri ST, Ault K, Hamilton SA, Rothman JM, Novotny WF, Braunwald E, for the TIMI 12 Investigators. Randomized trial of an oral platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist, sibrafiban, in patients after an acute coronary syndrome results of the TIMI 12 trial. Circulation. 1998; 97 340â Scholar24 Antman EM, Giugliano RP, Gibson CM, McCabe CH, Coussement P, Kleiman NS, Vahanian A, Adgey AAJ, Menown I, Rupprecht H-J, Van der Wieken R, Ducas J, Scherer J, Anderson K, Van der Werf F, Braunwald E, for the TIMI 14 Investigators. Abciximab facilitates the rate and extent of thrombolysis results of the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction TIMI 14 trial. Circulation. 1999; 99 2720â Scholar25 Cannon CP, McCabe CH, Wilcox RG, Langer A, Caspi A, Berink P, Lopez-Sendon J, Toman J, Charlesworth A, Anders RJ, Alexander JC, Skene A, Braunwald E. Oral glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition with orbofiban in patients with unstable coronary syndromes OPUS-TIMI 16 trial. Circulation. 2000; 102 149â Scholar26 The InTIME-II Investigators. Intravenous NPA for the Treatment of Infarcting Myocardium Early InTIME-II, a double-blind comparison of single-bolus lanoteplase vs accelerated alteplase for the treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J. 2000; 21 2005â Scholar27 Cannon CP, Weintraub WS, Demopoulos LA, Vicari R, Frey MJ, Lakkis N, Neumann FJ, Robertson DH, DeLucca PT, DiBattiste PM, Gibson CM, Braunwald E, for the Tactics-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 18 Investigators. Comparison of early invasive and conservative strategies in patients with unstable coronary syndromes treated with the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor tirofiban. N Engl J Med. 2001; 344 1879â Scholar28 Giugliano RP, Roe MT, Harrington RA, Gibson CM, Zeymer U, Van de Werf F, Baran KW, Hobbach HP, Woodlief LH, Hannan KL, Greenberg S, Miller J, Kitt MM, Strony J, McCabe CH, Braunwald E, Califf RM. Combination reperfusion therapy with eptifibatide and reduced-dose tenecteplase for ST-elevation myocardial infarction results of the Integrilin and Tenecteplase in Acute Myocardial Infarction INTEGRITI phase II angiographic trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003; 41 1251â Scholar29 Antman EM, Louwerenburg HW, Baars HF, Wesdorp JC, Hamer B, Bassand JP, Bigonzi F, Pisapia G, Gibson CM, Heidbuchel H, Braunwald E, Van de Werf F. Enoxaparin as adjunctive antithrombin therapy for ST-elevation myocardial infarction results of the ENTIRE-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction TIMI 23 Trial. Circulation. 2002; 105 1642â Scholar30 Ohman EM. FASTER-TIMI 24. Presented at the 18th International Symposium on Thrombolysis and Interventional Therapy in Acute Myocardial Infarction, November 16, 2002, Chicago, Scholar31 Bovill EG, Terrin ML, Stump DC, Berke AD, Frederick M, Collen D, Feit F, Gore JM, Hillis LD, Lambrew CT, et al. Hemorrhagic events during therapy with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator, heparin, and aspirin for acute myocardial infarction results of the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction TIMI, Phase II Trial. Ann Intern Med. 1991; 115 256â Scholar32 Hosmer DW, Lemeshow S. Applied Logistic Regression. 2nd ed. New York, NY John Wiley & Sons; Scholar33 Arant CB, Wessel TR, Olson MB, Bairey Merz CN, Sopko G, Rogers WJ, Sharaf BL, Reis SE, Smith KM, Johnson BD, Handberg E, Mankad S, Pepine CJ. Hemoglobin level is an independent predictor for adverse cardiovascular outcomes in women undergoing evaluation for chest pain results from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Womenâs Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004; 43 2009â Scholar34 Gagnon DR, Zhang TJ, Brand FN, Kannel WB. Hematocrit and the risk of cardiovascular disease the Framingham study a 34-year follow-up. Am Heart J. 1994; 127 674â Scholar35 Kershenovich S, Modiano M, Ewy GA. Markedly decreased coronary blood flow in secondary polycythemia. Am Heart J. 1992; 123 521â Scholar36 Lowe GD, Forbes CD. Blood rheology and thrombosis. Clin Haematol. 1981; 10 343â Scholar37 Dormandy JA, Hoare E, Colley J, Arrowsmith DE, Dormandy TL. Clinical, haemodynamic, rheological, and biochemical findings in 126 patients with intermittent claudication. BMJ. 1973; 4 576â Scholar38 Smith KJ, Bleyer AJ, Little WC, Sane DC. The cardiovascular effects of erythropoietin. Cardiovasc Res. 2003; 59 538â Scholar39 Ryan TJ, Antman EM, Brooks NH, Califf RM, Hillis LD, Hiratzka LF, Rapaport E, Riegel B, Russell RO, Smith EE III, Weaver WD, Gibbons RJ, Alpert JS, Eagle KA, Gardner TJ, Garson A Jr, Gregoratos G, Smith SC Jr. 1999 update ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with acute myocardial infarction executive summary and recommendations a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines Committee on Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction. Circulation. 1999; 100 1016â Scholar40 Braunwald E, Antman EM, Beasley JW, Califf RM, Cheitlin MD, Hochman JS, Jones RH, Kereiakes D, Kupersmith J, Levin TN, Pepine CJ, Schaeffer JW, Smith EE III, Steward DE, Theroux P. ACC/AHA guideline update for the management of patients with unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines Committee on the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina. 2002. American College of Cardiology Web site. Available at Accessed August 6, Scholar41 Hebert PC, Wells G, Blajchman MA, Marshall J, Martin C, Pagliarello G, Tweeddale M, Schweitzer I, Yetsir E, the Transfusion Requirements in Critical Care Investigators for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. A multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial of transfusion requirements in critical care. N Engl J Med. 1999; 340 409â Scholar42 Hebert PC, Yetisir E, Martin C, Blajchman MA, Wells G, Marshall J, Tweeddale M, Pagliarello G, Schweitzer I. Is a low transfusion threshold safe in critically ill patients with cardiovascular diseases? Crit Care Med. 2001; 29 227â Scholar43 Rao SV, Jollis JG, Harrington RA, Granger CB, Newby LK, Armstrong PW, Moliterno DJ, Lindblad L, Pieper K, Topol EJ, Stamler JS, Califf RM. Relationship of blood transfusion and clinical outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndromes. JAMA. 2004; 292 1555â Scholar
Afillable form is also available here. Complete and signed Vote-by-Mail request forms may be returned by mail, fax (561) 656-6230, or as an attachment to email votebymail@votepalmbeach.gov. Your Vote-by-Mail ballot may be sent to your legal residence address, permanent mailing address, or a temporary address. Peonies Home Shop Perennials Shop by Type Peonies Compare Compare Compare Compare Compare Compare Compare Compare Compare Compare Compare Compare Peonies Peonies are perennial garden classics, loved throughout the world for their extravagant, early summer blossoms. They are easy, reliable and will bloom for generations with little or no attention. As cut flowers, peonies have an elegant natural beauty and a delicate, unforgettable perfume.DiscussWorld of Warcraft Lore or share your original fan fiction, or role-play.FORUMS PROFESSIONNELSWINDEV, WEBDEV et WINDEV MobileDĂ©butĂ© par Bruno25, 31 aoĂ». 2013 1012 - 12 rĂ©ponses Membre enregistrĂ©7 messagesPostĂ© le 31 aoĂ»t 2013 - 1012Bonjour et bonne rentrĂ©e Ă tous,Petit nouveau sur le forum et dĂ©butant WinDev/WebDev, je vais essayer de vous exposer mon problĂšme le plus prĂ©cisĂ©ment dĂ©veloppĂ© une application WebDev gestion d'association distribuĂ©e en mode SaaS. L'une de ses fonctionnalitĂ©s permet Ă chaque utilisateur de faire du publipostage par email. Une fois le compte email paramĂ©trĂ©, le texte de l'email rĂ©digĂ© avec ou sans champs de fusion, les destinataires sĂ©lectionnĂ©s, l'application envoie un email personnalisĂ© Ă chaque destinataire. Hormis la mise en forme du texte html que je ne maitrĂźse pas encore mais je poursuis mon apprentissage tout fonctionne correctement, du moins problĂšme que mes utilisateurs rencontrent est le suivant ; tous leurs destinataires reçoivent bien leur email personnalisĂ© SAUF ceux qui ont une adresse email chez FREE ???Dans l'Ă©tat actuel des choses, je suis incapable de dĂ©terminer d'oĂč vient le problĂšme. Est ce mon application qui ne parvient pas Ă envoyer les emails sur les serveurs de messagerie de FREE ou est ce que le problĂšme vient de chez FREE ? En effectuant des recherches sur Internet, j'ai trouvĂ© des forums ou d'autres dĂ©veloppeurs Php/MySql rencontrent Ă©galement ce problĂšme. Faut il en conclure que le problĂšme est chez FREE ?Je rencontre moi-mĂȘme ce problĂšme lorsque mon site internet envoie un email vers une adresse FREE, je reçois bien la copie du mail de confirmation de commande par exemple, mon client aussi, mais je reçois aussi ce mĂȘme email en retour avec le message 550 mail dropped, bare LF donc plusieurs questions sur ce problĂšme ;1 Pour informer correctement mes utilisateurs, quelle adresse email doivent ils utiliser pour ENVOYER les messages tout en sachant que l'application est accessible et utilisable depuis n'importe quel PC mode SaaS ? Celle de leur FAI ? Une adresse de Webmail Gmail, La Poste, Hotmail, ... ?2 Existe t il un paramĂ©trage cĂŽte WebDev pour assurer la rĂ©ception des emails vers des adresses chez FREE ?3 Comment contrer le message "550 mail dropped, bare LF found"Je vous remercie par avance pour vos le 03 septembre 2013 - 1643bonjour,votre antivirus est peut Ă©tre le problĂšme , dĂ©sactiver le filtrage des emails en envoi vous avez avg ?ericPostĂ© le 05 septembre 2013 - 0919Membre enregistrĂ©7 messagesPostĂ© le 06 septembre 2013 - 0920Bonjour et merci Ă tous les deux pour vos EricJe n'ai pas encore bien compris tous ces rouages pour savoir qui fait quoi poste utilisateur ou serveur Webdev ?, mais quel est l'antivirus Ă vĂ©rifier ?Pour l'application SaaS, un utilisateur peut se connecter Ă son compte client depuis n'importe quel ordi. Est ce l'antivirus du PC hĂŽte qui filtrerais les emails envoyĂ©s vers des adresses FREE ? Pourquoi seulement celles chez FREE ?Pour le "550 mail dropped, bare LF found" rencontrĂ© suite Ă email gĂ©nĂ©rĂ© par mon site confirmation de commande par commande, est ce l'antivirus du client qui passe la commande qui est Ă vĂ©rifier ?Pour PhilippeC'est effectivement larticle que j'avais trouvĂ© sur mais la solution proposĂ©e concerne PHP. Existe-t-il une solution WedDeb ?Merci et bonne journĂ©eMembre enregistrĂ©206 messagesPostĂ© le 13 mars 2014 - 1522Bonjour,Je rencontre aussi cette erreur "Diagnostic-Code smtp;550 mail dropped, bare LF found" et je ne trouve pas de trouvĂ© quelque chose de votre cĂŽtĂ© ?PostĂ© le 13 mars 2014 - 1606Bonjour CĂ©dricsi on se rĂ©fĂšre au message et aux solutions proposĂ©es sur les autres forums, c'est juste la prĂ©sence d'un LF tout seul qui bloque chez freeDonc, un simple remplace de LF par CR sur l'email devrait rĂ©soudre le problĂšme...La question qui reste, est pourquoi tu as des LF tout seul dans ton email... Serait ce une appli qui tourne sur une machine Linux ?Cordialement- Fabrice HarariConsultant WinDev, WebDev et WinDev Mobile InternationalNOUVEAU WXShowroom est disponible Montrez vos projets !Plus d'information sur 3/13/2014 922 AM, "CĂ©dric J." wroteBonjour,Je rencontre aussi cette erreur "Diagnostic-Code smtp;550 mail dropped,bare LF found" et je ne trouve pas de trouvĂ© quelque chose de votre cĂŽtĂ© ?PostĂ© le 13 mars 2014 - 1718Bonjour CĂ©dric,DĂ©solĂ© mais je n'ai pas trouvĂ© de solution. Je suis toujours continuationMembre enregistrĂ©7 messagesPostĂ© le 13 mars 2014 - 1720Bonjour CĂ©dric,DĂ©solĂ©, je n'ai pas de solution. Je suis d'ailleurs toujours continuationMembre enregistrĂ©1 603 messagesPopularitĂ© +64 70 votesPostĂ© le 17 mars 2014 - 0819BonjourUne solution est de passer par le Cloud Emailing pour tous vos Emails transactionnels hors SPAM.-CordialementFrançois enregistrĂ©7 messagesPostĂ© le 17 mars 2014 - 1326Bonjour,Je vous remercie pour votre par "Cloud Emailing pour tous vos Emails transactionnels" ? vour l'aurez compris, je dĂ©bute ! D'avance merciMembre enregistrĂ©1 603 messagesPopularitĂ© +64 70 votesPostĂ© le 17 mars 2014 - 1436Bonjour Bruno,En ce qui me concerne, j'envoie les Emails dans toutes mes applications Webdev via une solution de Cloud Emailing Ă savoir Emails sont dĂ©livrĂ©s instantanĂ©ment et ne sont pas classĂ©s comme du gratuit dans une certaine quantitĂ© voir ici j'ai choisi l'option Bronze 30000 emails/mois mais qui permet d'envoyer des Emails depuis x comptes Emails avec des domaines suffit de saisir en Wlangage les paramĂštres pour l'envoi par SMTP des Emails et de configurer les comptes d'Emails chez ton fournisseur OVH en ce qui concerne pour les DNS-CordialementFrançois enregistrĂ©7 messagesPostĂ© le 17 mars 2014 - 1528Merci François pour toutes ces explications trĂšs ne me reste plus qu'Ă Ă©tudier tout cela de plus continuation et bons le 21 mars 2014 - 0838Bonjour CĂ©dricsi on se rĂ©fĂšre au message et aux solutions proposĂ©es sur les autres forums, c'est juste la prĂ©sence d'un LF tout seul qui bloque chez freeDonc, un simple remplace de LF par CR sur l'email devrait rĂ©soudre le problĂšme...comprends pas le pb ???pourquoi ne pas passer en html et rempalcer les LF ou RC par des ?La question qui reste, est pourquoi tu as des LF tout seul dans ton email... Serait ce une appli qui tourne sur une machine Linux ?Cordialement ä»ćčŽăźæ„ăă€ăłăłăçșèœăăŸăă ä»ćăŻă33æŹăźæ œćčäșćźă§ăă ăă€ăłăłăŻăăăšăăźćć «çȘă§ăă ăšèšăŁăŠăăăă€ăłăłèȘèș«ăăă©æ čæ§ă§ç«æŽŸă«èČăŁăŠăăăŠăăăźă§ăăă
ăăłăłăŻäșșçă§2ćăăăăăèČ·ăäșăăȘăăźă«ăăă ăăăăăăăłăłć±ăăăăźăèŹăăăă§ăăăăŒăŒăŒăŒăŒăŒăŒăŒć±±ç°ć šèȘćăźăăăăæ„èšăă§ăŻăăăăăăżăæŻæ„æŽæ°äžă§ăăăâȘăăČăă©ăăŒćźăăăéĄăèŽăăŸăă§ăăăăSolâGel Product News Published 05 June 2008 Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology volume 47, pages 203â236 2008Cite this article 4143 Accesses 69 Citations 9 Altmetric Metrics details Access options Buy single article Instant access to the full article PDF. 39,95 ⏠Price includes VAT Ukraine NotesThe coefficient of friction was determined using an Implant Sciences Corporation ISC-200 pin-on-disc Tribometer using a rubber pin with 40 mm2 contact area and 250 g static load on the pin. The pin was immersed in water during the test and the tested specimen rotated under the pin. As the measured coefficient of friction was observed to change generally a decrease with increasing number of rotations, the results in Fig. 1 were obtained by conditioning the samples through measurement over 10,000 rotations, rinsing the samples and pin with water then measuring the coefficient of friction of these conditioned safe level of static coefficient of friction is indicated as at least according to the standard ASTM D 2047, âStandard Test Method for Static Coefficient of Friction of Polish-Coated Floor Surfaces as Measured by the James Machineâ, ASTM InternationalThe light transmittance was measured by a Shimadzu UV-3101PC spectrophotometer. The samples were 1 mm thick glass microscope slides both coated and uncoated.Author informationAuthor notesM. A. AegerterPresent address , Ch. des Placettes, 6, 1041, Bottens, SwitzerlandAuthors and AffiliationsFormer at Leibniz-Institut fuer Neue MaterialienâINM, 66123, Saarbruecken, GermanyM. A. AegerterInstituto Superior TĂ©cnico, 1049-001, Lisboa, PortugalR. AlmeidaSingapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology-SIMTech, Singapore, SingaporeA. SoutarOsaka Prefecture University, 599-8531, Osaka, JapanK. TadanagaZheijang University, 310027, Hangshou, ChinaH. YangUniversity of Tokyo, 153-8904, Tokyo, JapanT. WatanabeAuthorsM. A. AegerterYou can also search for this author in PubMed Google ScholarR. AlmeidaYou can also search for this author in PubMed Google ScholarA. SoutarYou can also search for this author in PubMed Google ScholarK. TadanagaYou can also search for this author in PubMed Google ScholarH. YangYou can also search for this author in PubMed Google ScholarT. WatanabeYou can also search for this author in PubMed Google ScholarCorresponding authorCorrespondence to M. A. and permissionsAbout this articleCite this articleAegerter, Almeida, R., Soutar, A. et al. Coatings made by solâgel and chemical nanotechnology. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 47, 203â236 2008. citationReceived 04 June 2007Accepted 25 April 2008Published 05 June 2008Issue Date August 2008DOI FilmMgF2Colloidal SiO2Technical Research Laboratory ä»äșăźæŻæăă§èŠć§ăăéæ”ăă©ăă«ăć”ăéæ”ă»èŻæ”ăèĄăæ„ăă€ă€ăăæ°ă«ć „ăăźäżłćȘăăă軞ă«ăă©ăăæ ç»ăèŠèŽăć„œăăæăă2019ćčŽććă«ććčŽéăźăœăŠă«çæèȘćŠçćŠăç”ăŠăăšăłăăăŒă«ă«ććăăźăéæ„ăźæ ćçż»èšłćź¶çźæăäżźèĄäžăèŠèŽäœćăźććżăć ŒăăŠă
A previous version of this tutorial was written by Justin Ellingwood Introduction Postfix is a popular open-source Mail Transfer Agent MTA that can be used to route and deliver email on a Linux system. It is estimated that around 25% of public mail servers on the internet run Postfix. In this guide, youâll learn how to install and configure Postfix on an Ubuntu server. Then, youâll test that Postfix is able to correctly route mail by installing s-nail, a Mail User Agent MUA, also known as an email client. Note that the goal of this tutorial is to help you get Postfix up and running quickly with only some bare-bones email functionality. You wonât have a full featured email server by the end of this guide, but you will have some of the foundational components of such a setup to help you get started. Prerequisites Setting up and maintaining your own mail server is complicated and time-consuming. For most users, itâs more practical to instead rely on a paid mail service. If youâre considering running your own mail server, we encourage you to review this article on why you may not want to do so. If youâre sure you want to follow this guide to install and configure Postfix, then you must first have the following A server running Ubuntu to function as your Postfix mail server. This server should have a non-root user with sudo privileges and a firewall configured with UFW. You can follow our Ubuntu initial server setup guide to set this up. A Fully Qualified Domain Name pointed at your Ubuntu server. You can find help on setting up your domain name with DigitalOcean by following our Domains and DNS Networking documentation. Be aware that if you plan on accessing mail from an external location, you will need to make sure you have an MX record pointing to your mail server as well. Note that this tutorial assumes that you are configuring a host that has the FQDN of Wherever necessary, be sure to change or to reflect your own FQDN. Step 1 â Installing Postfix Postfix is included in Ubuntuâs default repositories, so you can install it with APT. To begin, update your local apt package cache sudo apt update Then install the postfix package with the following command. Note that here we pass the DEBIAN_PRIORITY=low environmental variable into this installation command. This will cause the installation process to prompt you to configure some additional options sudo DEBIAN_PRIORITY=low apt install postfix This installation process will open a series of interactive prompts. For the purposes of this tutorial, use the following information to fill in your prompts General type of mail configuration? For this, choose Internet Site since this matches our infrastructure needs. System mail name This is the base domain used to construct a valid email address when only the account portion of the address is given. For instance, letâs say the hostname of your server is You will likely want to set the system mail name to so that, given the username user1, Postfix will use the address user1 Root and postmaster mail recipient This is the Linux account that will be forwarded mail addressed to root and postmaster. Use your primary account for this. In this example case, sammy. Other destinations to accept mail for This defines the mail destinations that this Postfix instance will accept. If you need to add any other domains that this server will be responsible for receiving, add those here. Otherwise, the default will be sufficient. Force synchronous updates on mail queue? Since you are likely using a journaled filesystem, accept No here. Local networks This is a list of the networks for which your mail server is configured to relay messages. The default will work for most scenarios. If you choose to modify it, though, make sure to be very restrictive in regards to the network range. Mailbox size limit This can be used to limit the size of messages. Setting it to 0 disables any size restriction. Local address extension character This is the character that can be used to separate the regular portion of the address from an extension used to create dynamic aliases. The default, + will work for this tutorial. Internet protocols to use Choose whether to restrict the IP version that Postfix supports. For the purposes of this tutorial, pick all. To be explicit, these are the settings used in this guide General type of mail configuration? Internet Site System mail name not Root and postmaster mail recipient The username of your primary Linux account sammy in our examples Other destinations to accept mail for $myhostname, localhost Force synchronous updates on mail queue? No Local networks [ffff [1]/128 Mailbox size limit 0 Local address extension character + Internet protocols to use all Note If you need to ever return to change these settings, you can do so by typing sudo dpkg-reconfigure postfix The prompts will be pre-populated with your previous responses. When the installation process finishes, youâre ready to make a few updates to your Postfix configuration. Step 2 â Changing the Postfix Configuration Now you can adjust some settings that the package installation process didnât prompt you for. Many of Postfixâs configuration settings are defined in the /etc/postfix/ file. Rather than editing this file directly, you can use Postfixâs postconf command to query or set configuration settings. To begin, set the location for your non-root Ubuntu userâs mailbox. In this guide, weâll use the Maildir format, which separates messages into individual files that are then moved between directories based on user action. The alternative option that isnât covered in this guide is the mbox format, which stores all messages within a single file. Set the home_mailbox variable to Maildir/. Later, you will create a directory structure under that name within your userâs home directory. Configure home_mailbox by typing sudo postconf -e 'home_mailbox= Maildir/' Next, set the location of the virtual_alias_maps table, which maps arbitrary email accounts to Linux system accounts. Run the following command, which maps the table location to a hash database file named /etc/postfix/virtual sudo postconf -e 'virtual_alias_maps= hash/etc/postfix/virtual' Now that youâve defined the location of the virtual maps file in your file, you can create the file itself and begin mapping email accounts to user accounts on your Linux system. Create the file with your preferred text editor; in this example, weâll use nano sudo nano /etc/postfix/virtual List any addresses that you wish to accept email for, followed by a whitespace and the Linux user youâd like that mail delivered to. For example, if you would like to accept email at contact and admin and would like to have those emails delivered to the sammy Linux user, you could set up your file like this /etc/postfix/virtual contact sammy admin sammy After youâve mapped all of the addresses to the appropriate server accounts, save and close the file. If you used nano, do this by pressing CTRL + X, Y, then ENTER. Apply the mapping by typing sudo postmap /etc/postfix/virtual Restart the Postfix process to be sure that all of your changes have been applied sudo systemctl restart postfix Assuming you followed the prerequisite Initial Server Setup guide, you will have configured a firewall with UFW. This firewall will block external connections to services on your server by default unless those connections are explicitly allowed, so youâll have to add a firewall rule to allow an exception for Postfix. You can allow connections to the service by typing sudo ufw allow Postfix With that, Postfix is configured and ready to accept external connections. However, you arenât yet ready to test it out with a mail client. Before you can install a client and use it to interact with the mail being delivered to your server, youâll need to make a few changes to your Ubuntu serverâs setup. Step 3 â Installing the Mail Client and Initializing the Maildir Structure In order to interact with the mail being delivered, this step will walk you through the process of installing the s-nail package. This is a feature-rich variant of the BSD xmail client which can handle the Maildir format correctly. Before installing the client, though, it would be prudent to make sure your MAIL environment variable is set correctly. s-nail will look for this variable to figure out where to find mail for your user. To ensure that the MAIL variable is set regardless of how you access your account â whether through ssh, su, su -, or sudo, for example â youâll need to set the variable in the /etc/ file and add it to a file within /etc/ to make sure it is set for all users by default. To add the variable to these files, type echo 'export MAIL=~/Maildir' sudo tee -a /etc/ sudo tee -a /etc/ To read the variable into your current session, source the /etc/ file source /etc/ With that complete, install the s-nail email client with APT sudo apt install s-nail Before running the client, there are a few settings you need to adjust. Open the /etc/ file in your editor sudo nano /etc/ At the bottom of the file, add the following options /etc/ . . . set emptystart set folder=Maildir set record=+sent Hereâs what these lines do set emptystart allows the client to open even with an empty inbox set folder=Maildir sets the Maildir directory to the internal folder variable set record=+sent creates a sent mbox file for storing sent mail within whichever directory is set as the folder variable, in this case Maildir Save and close the file when you are finished. Youâre now ready to initialize your systemâs Maildir structure. A quick way to create the Maildir structure within your home directory is to send yourself an email with the s-nail command. Because the sent file will only be available once the Maildir is created, you should disable writing to it for this initial email. Do this by passing the -Snorecord option. Send the email by piping a string to the s-nail command. Adjust the command to mark your Linux user as the recipient echo 'init' s-nail -s 'init' -Snorecord sammy Note You may get the following response OutputCan't canonicalize "/home/sammy/Maildir" This is normal and may only appear when sending this first message. You can can check to make sure the directory was created by looking for your ~/Maildir directory ls -R ~/Maildir You will see the directory structure has been created and that a new message file is in the ~/Maildir/new directory Output/home/sammy/Maildir/ cur new tmp /home/sammy/Maildir/cur /home/sammy/Maildir/new /home/sammy/Maildir/tmp Now that the directory structure has been created, youâre ready to test out the s-nail client by viewing the init message you sent and sending a message to an external email address. Step 4 â Testing the Client To open the client, run the s-nail command s-nail In your console, youâll see a rudimentary inbox with the init message waiting Outputs-nail version Type `?' for help "/home/sammy/Maildir" 1 message 1 new >N 1 sammy 2020-05-19 1540 14/392 init Press ENTER to display the message Output[- Message 1 - 14 lines, 369 bytes -] From sammy Tue May 19 154048 2020 Date Tue, 19 May 2020 154048 +0000 To sammy Subject init Message-Id From sammy init You can get back to the message list by typing h, and then ENTER h Output>R 1 sammy 2020-05-19 1540 14/392 init Notice that the message now has a state of R, indicating that itâs been read. Since this message isnât very useful, you can delete it by pressing d, and then ENTER d To get back to the terminal, type q and then ENTER q As a final test, check whether s-nail is able to correctly send email messages. To do this, you can pipe the contents of a text file into the s-nail process, like you did with the init message you sent in the previous step. Begin by writing a test message in a text editor nano ~/test_message Inside, enter some text youâd like to send ~/test_message Hello, This is a test. Please confirm receipt! Save and close the file after writing your message. Then, use the cat command to pipe the message to the s-nail process. You can do so with the following example, which uses these options -s This defines the subject line of the email message -r An optional change to the âFromâ field of the email. By default, the Linux user you are logged in as will be used to populate this field. The -r option allows you to override this with a valid address, such as one of those you defined in the /etc/postfix/virtual file. To illustrate, the following command uses contact Also, be sure to change user to a valid email address which you have access to cat ~/test_message s-nail -s 'Test email subject line' -r contact user Then, navigate to the inbox for the email address to which you sent the message. You will see your message waiting there almost immediately. Note If the message isnât in your inbox, it may have been delivered to your Spam folder. You can view your sent messages within your s-nail client. Start the interactive client again s-nail From the email client, view your sent messages by typing file +sent Youâll see output like this Output+[/home/sammy/Maildir/]sent 1 message 1 new âžN 1 contact 2020-05-19 1547 12/297 Test email subject line You can manage sent mail using the same commands you use for incoming mail. Conclusion You now have Postfix configured on your Ubuntu server. Managing email servers can be a tough task for new system administrators, but with this configuration, you should have enough MTA email functionality to get yourself started.
View in 3DFind upgrades...Links Quick Facts Screenshots Videos Guides Leatherworking Recipe Locations 300-375 in Burning Crusade Classic Related ContributeWhichof the following is found mainly in Groundwater sources and forms a precipitate when oxidized? a. Hydrogen sulfide b. Methane c. Radon d. Iron. d. Iron. 161. What does the term surface runoff refer to? a. Rainwater that soaks in the ground b. Rain that returns to the atmosphere from the earth's surface c. Surface water that overflows the banks of the rivers Free Pro Business Free $10/mo $15/mo Choose Choose Choose Custom LogoAdd logos to all protected items - Custom creator profileA public list that shows all the items a creator/owner has in DMCA system - Digital Ink SignatureSign with your mobile, tablet, finger, mouse, touchpad etc. Add ItemsItems add to content registry. Get your content registered in a globally recognized 3rd party system. Max itemsUnlimited number of items can add to content registry. Over 400 million assets already under protection Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited DashboardIn DMCA dashboard takedowns, monitoring, lookups etc are much easier and more convenient APIDMCA API access QR grants your content a QR code to be used for public identification purposes, QR code link back to your profiles Site ProfileOthers can view the ownership / profile information of claimed owner Shorty URLPermanent, shortened hyperlink to content status page Site AlertsTracking and change info preserved and made public Encrypted grants your content an id and a badge and QR code to be used for public identification purposes, all these links and ids link back to your profiles Account VerificationSite verified means has confirmed the DNS / page is controlled by given name or has a billing relationship in place. Extra verification levels are detailed where presented Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 DIY DMCA offers a complete online toolkit for you to create, research and conduct your own takedowns. Complete with an easy to use takedown case management system, website detective, auto-generating takedown form, and a download option so you can email the takedown request - Pro Version Pro Version DIY templates US, EU, IndiaIncludes the following DIY DMCA Templates US, EU, INDIA - right click blockingDisable right click on web pages - copy scannerCopy scanner - monitoringKeep an eye on your digital content with Monitoring Services - 10 items/month 100 items/month image lookupImage monitoring is the ability to scan daily, weekly, monthly for one or more images of your choice. You simply upload 1 or more photos and we monitor them as often as you like. Image monitoring uses 5 scan credits more expensive than text. A scan credit is 1 scan per month. So to monitor 1 image every week would be 5 scan credits per week. Need more? you can easily upgrade from your dashboard. Volume discounts apply - 10 items/month 100 items/month content ownershipverificationTracking and change info preserved and made public. Others can view the ownership / profile information of claimed owner Claim Only Assigned per item Assigned per item Choose Choose Choose Free $10/mo $15/mo FREE PRO BUSINESS Amazons Toys & Games store features thousands of products, including dolls, action figures, games and puzzles, advent calendars, hobbies, models and trains, drones, and much more. You can shop by age, favorite brands, new products, best sellers, and gifts for birthdays. The preschool store features learning and educational toys, water tables An update on blog submissionsAs of July 12, we're navigating some downtime on our legacy web pages, including both and While most Gamasutra pages and functionality have been migrated to the Game Developer website, this does mean that our blog submission tools, profile editor, and other Gamasutra-hosted links are currently unavailable. We're working to get the above features back up and running, and will update this page with more information as we have it. Thank you for your patience as we work to resolve this. Details on ongoing site issues and a link to contact support can also be found on our Report An Issue page. Updated 8/2/22 Y5uVB.
